Hrm Practice in Banking Sector Free Essays

string(76) of the investigation There is no uncertainty that the universe of work is quickly changing. [pic] Faculty of Business BBA Program A Thesis on Human Resource Management Practices in Banking Sector: On Southeast Bank Limited Submitted to Md. Ashraful Haq Chowdhury ASA University Bangladesh (ASAUB) Submitted By Mir Tasnuva Tanzin BBA (Major in HRM), Batch #2nd ID: 073-12-0137 Date of Submission August 20, 2011 Submission Report Dear Sir, With due regard I might want to advise you that I have effectively finished my Thesis Program from May 15, 2011 to August 15, 2011 at Southeast Bank Limited and led the examination on â€Å"Human Resource Management Practice in Banking Sector† A contextual analysis on Southeast Bank Ltd. Proposition Program fills in as an extension between the scholarly and the commonsense information. We will compose a custom exposition test on Hrm Practice in Banking Sector or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now I am a lot of lucky that I got the chance to work with some accomplished and gave experts. As suggested my work depends on the useful method of various work areas and various branches of the Bank. I attempted my best to invest fastidious energy for the planning of this report. Any weakness or imperfection may emerge. I will invite any explanation and recommendation with respect to this report. Earnestly Yours, Mir Tasnuva Tanzin ID 073-12-0137 Batch #2nd Student of BBA ASA University Bangladesh August 20, 2011 Md. Ashraful Haq Chowdhury ASA University Bangladesh. Reference : Letter of Transmittal Dear Sir, Here is the report that satisfies the fractional necessities of Thesis program, which is useful for an understudy to know the exercises of an association. This sort of report additionally gives a significant rule to do explore later on. Much thanks for your thoughtful oversight and participation without which I was unable to have the option to finish this report. I accept each open door to offer my thanks to you. Expressing gratitude toward you Mir Tasnuva Tanzin ID 073-12-0137 Batch #2nd Student of BBA ASA University Bangladesh Acknowledgment All recognitions go to Almighty Allah, the most tolerant, generally generous to man and his activity. I might want to offer my thanks to Mr. M. A Mohit the Deputy Managing Director (DMD) of Southeast Bank Ltd. for allowing a chance to take a shot at the point as understudy. I am extraordinarily obligated to Mr. Md. Hamidul Islam Mia HOB of Dhanmondi Br. Also, HRD of Southeast Bank Ltd. for giving magnificent workplace and his full time help with setting up this report. I stretch out my gratitude to Mr. Saidul Islam, Mr. Reza, and Mr. Humayon of Southeast Bank Ltd. Dhanmondi Br. Who have their well hearted participation and significant time in finishing this report I am likewise appreciative to all the workers of Southeast Bank Ltd. Of Dahnmondi Branch as they helped me out in clarifying the work practice and went with me through my exploration period. At last, my gratitude to ASA University (ASAUB) expert for genuine ooperation and all the employees whose incorporated exertion made me equipped for leading this Thesis. Official Summery This report is a push to mirror a reasonable thought regarding the Bunker-Customers Relationship, procedures, exercises and execution of Southeast Bank Ltd. The analyst was doled out it in the Dhanmondi Branch of Southeast Bank Limited (SEBL) as an assistant. The specialist presents this report based on the information and experience picked up during the examination time frame. The exploration report is a fractional satisfaction of BBA program. In the report on HRM rehearses in banking division: A contextual investigation on Southeast Bank Ltd. the general job of HR directors in a bank and how they assume their job is introduced. Human asset chiefs play out a recognizable arrangement of exercises that effect and impact the individuals who work in an association. These exercises incorporate HR arranging, work examination, enrollment, determination, situation, preparing and advancement, planning execution evaluation and pay frameworks, and work connection Since, the HR division assumes a help job inside the association; it cooperates with an assortment of electorates. Chapter by chapter guide |Page# | |Prefatory parts | |Title Fly | |Title Page | |Later of Submission | |Acknowledgement | |Executive Summery | |Table of Content | |Report appropriate | |Chapter One-Introduction | |1. 1 Background of the examination | |1. 2 Objective of the report | |1. System of the report | |1. 4 Scope of the report | |1. 5 Limitation of the re port | |Chapter Tow †Overview | |2. 1 Historical Background of Southeast Bank Ltd. | |2. 2 Special Features of the Bank | |2. Top managerial staff | |2. 4 Management of the Bank | |2. 5 Capital Structure of the Bank | |2. 6 Deposits Status of the Bank | |2. 7 Profit and operational outcomes | |2. 8 Selection Process | |2. Crucial, and Objective of SEBL | |Chapter Three †Understanding the HRM | |3. 1 General Concept of HRM | |3. 2 Objectives of HRM | |3. 3 Basic Principles of HRM | |3. Approach of HRM | |3. 5 Philosophy of HRM | |3. 6 Standard Organ gram of HR Department in a huge association | |3. 7 Responsibilities of HR Department in a huge association | |Chapter Four †HR Planning Forecasting | |4. Idea of HR arranging estimating | |4. 2 Steps of HR arranging | |4. 3 HR arranging and the vital arranging process | |4. 4 Forecasting HR needs | |4. 5 Forecasting the Internal HR Supply | |4. Determining the External HR Supply | |Chapter Five †Recruiting Selection | |5. 1 Concept of Recruiting Selection | |5. 2 The Recruiting and Selection Process | |5. 3 Job Analysis | |5. Employment Analysis Methods | |5. 5 Steps in work Analysis | |5. 6 A Comparative Discussion between Job Analysis, Job Description, Job Specification, and Job Evaluations. | |5. 7 Sources of gear | |5. 6 Internal sources | |5. 7 External sources | |5. 8 Methods of enrollment | |5. Favorable circumstances weaknesses of inside enlistment | |5. 10 Advantage Disadvantage of outside enlisting | |Chapter Six †Training Development | |6. 1 Concept of Training Development | |6. 2 Need and significant of preparing | |6. Destinations of Training | |6. 4 Guidelines and Framework to Design a Training and Development Plan | |6. 5 Training technique | |Chapter Seven †Compensation Employee Benefits | |7. 1 Concept of Compensation Employee Benefits | |7. Parts of the remuneration framework | |7. 3 Wages versus Pay | |7. 4 Establishing Pay rates | |7. 5 Importance of Job Evaluation | |7. 6 Types of Employee Benefits | |7. Workers Benefit Programs started by HRM | |7. 8. Representative Services | |7. 9 Incentive Plans | |Chapter Eight †Employee Relationship | |8. 1 The Meaning of Ethics | |8. 2 Organizational culture | |8. Worker Discipline and Privacy | |8. 4 Types of Disciplinary Actions | |8. 5 Disciplinary Proceeding | |8. 6 Disciplinary Appeals Processes | |8. 7 Disciplines without Punishment | |8. Overseeing Dismissals | |8. 9 Grounds for Dismissal | |Chapter Nine | |Conclusion | |Bibliography | Chapter 1 Introduction 1. 1 Background of the investigation There is no uncertainty that the universe of work is quickly evolving. You read Hrm Practice in Banking Sector in class Paper models As a major aspect of an association at that point, HRM must be set up to manage the impacts of the changing universe of work. For them, this implies understanding the ramifications of globalization, innovation changes, workforce assorted variety, changing expertise necessities, consistent improvement activities, unexpected workforce, decentralized work destinations and representative association. We should look how this change is influencing HRM objectives and practices. The current test of HRM is to incorporate projects including HR with key authoritative targets. To an ever increasing extent, associations are feeling the squeeze around the world. HR supervisors must discover approaches to create successful projects to address this difficulty. Another significant part of HRM is the need to guarantee cost viability of projects and strategies through the ideal use of HR. 1. 2 Objective of the report The expansive goal of the report is to co-ordinate study hall information with down to earth circumstance. Explicit destinations of the report are: ? To satisfy the course necessity of MBA program; ? To gain commonsense information about HRM rehearses in banking sector’ ? To have useful presentation in banking condition that will help a great deal of to comprehend the future work life; ? To break down HRM rehearses in Southeast Bank Limited with study hall (hypothetical) information; ? To suggest for development of existing HR strategy of Southeast Bank Limited. 1. 3 Methodology of the report Methodology incorporates direct perception, up close and personal conversation with separate official of the bank, investigation of documents, brochures and so on and down to earth work. In setting up this report, just optional information have been utilized. The necessary information have been gathered from following sources-? Workers administration book of the bank; ? Yearly report of the bank; ? Various distributions with respect to banking capacity; ? Reference books from library of Stamford University Bangladesh. 1. 4 Scope of the report This report covers just human asset rehearses is Southeast Bank Limited. It centers around outline of the bank including a relative report about standard hypothetical part of HRM and the current financial practices. The report likewise researches the view of workers of the bank toward representative advantages and improvement strategy. 1. 5 Limitation of the report regardless of hearted collaboration from the bank authorities, I confronted some confinement in readiness the report. The significant confinements are as per the following: Learning of by and large HRM rehearses in banking area inside only multi month

Natural Philosophy in Islam Essay Sample free essay sample

This is the awakening of another age in characteristic teaching upheld in the Islamic imperium that influences cultural developments. human advancements and mentality towards larning. One may ask. how do the attributes of my general public explain its achievements in common tenet? What's more, how did Al-Kindi and Averroes change the class of history in characteristic tenet? While it appears the yearss of edification in common precept have eased back as a result of disturbance in lands in view of fighting and financial surrenders in Europe and the Middle-East. Be that as it may. fortunes are less horrendous in Islamic imperium that presently extends from North Africa and Spain to India. In the treatment of regular precept acknowledgment goes to the compelling plants of Aristotle and Plato. the incomparable Grecian savants since they had established the present frameworks of characteristic precept. Al-Kindi and Averroes had spent limitless clasp thinking about the precepts and specula tions of Aristotle. Al-Kindi is a remarkable characteristic logician life in the chest of Islamic imperium in Baghdad. We will compose a custom article test on Regular Philosophy in Islam Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Iraq. His impact and troublesome work can be viewed as the underlying foundations of common precept in Baghdad. Iraq. He has other than committed himself to authentic surveies ( Linderberg. p. 176 ) territories â€Å"Al-Kindi considered his obligation to be the finish. correction. what's more, conveying of this natural structure of old learning† . Al-Kindi is other than inspired by optics and created a commended book â€Å"De aspectibus† ( Ede A ; Cormack. p. 87 ) . Another critical figure in characteristic teaching is Averroes populating in Spain. He spends unending clasp pondering the logical control and regulations of Aristotle and composes critique dependent on his dread of Aristotle’s work and develops his incomplete plants. He trusts â€Å"Aristotle is the a large portion of import philosopher† ( Lecture notes. January 10 ) . There is combination of development. in any case, most compelling is the directions of the confidence Islam. In spite of the fact that. it’s a nearly new imperium known to man however the development it advances through its confidence ha s pulled in numerous individuals into change overing to Islam. Islamic imperium has serene populace â€Å"they were individuals who wished to participate. in some way. in the most developed judicious human progress available† ( Lindberg. p. 171 ) . When there is opportunity to determine discernment and otherworldly mistreatment is non most extreme. it is protected to state Islamic imperium has individuals from arrangement of human biology life in agreement. In the Islamic imperium there was otherworldly resistance ( Ede A ; Cormack. p. 77 ) composes. â€Å"The ‘People of the book’ the individuals who shared the Old Testament as an essential otherworldly papers. were formally endured by Islamic rulers† . The cultural progressive system in the Islamic imperium has lands that maps like some other land yet with a solid profound fellowship. Islamic imperium has been the most dynamic imperium in mankind's history to move up cognizance from everywhere throughout the universe. In Europe there is an alternate situation as portrayed by ( Ede A ; Cormack. p. 75 ) . â€Å"fall of Rome upset all aspects of life in Europe. The physical destruction of war and monetary surrender wrecked numerous conglomerations of writings . instructive foundations fell into ruins† . This kind of situation disturbs the cultural development and the impacts are other than felt in the neighboring Islamic imperium on account of the constant wars between the imperiums and terrains in the part. The agents and bookmans of Islamic imperium have collected total assets of data and books on characteristic regulation and meant Arabic and Latin to be concentrated by scholars and bookmans. Muslim scholars are loaning a lot to the finds in logical control. regulations. arithmetic. uranology. optics and music. In another announcement ( Lindberg. p. 174 ) says. â€Å"Mathematics got crucial for an expansive variety of business. legitimate. what's more, legislative plans. One of the incredible finds in arithmetic is â€Å"the imaginative exercises of ‘0’ a figure that had neer existed before then again â€Å"0† implied nonappearance of Numberss. † ( Lecture notes. January 10 ) . The Islamic scholars’ part to characteristic regulation is distant from everyone else in light of the fact that It is said by ( Lindberg. p. 165 ) that â€Å"this is the account of transmittal of larning. † Visualization of the current Islamic instructive development shows little advancements in the great beyond. The mentality of Islamic imperium towards larning can be depicted as indiscreet in light of the fact that inadequacy of advancements ( Lindberg. p. 175 ) says. â€Å"Islamic guidance did nil to deny the remote logical orders ; yet neither did it make a lot to back up them† . Be that as it may. we see an alternate side in Europe since they have simple started to recover and recreate social orders. The guidance of Islamic interlingual versions and augmentation of Greek normal conventions and other Islamic finds are currently being instructed in European colleges. It is sheltered to state Islamic part to characteristic precept has changed the class of history and humankind can transport on another excursion of normal tenet and progress into the great beyond.

In Which I Get Schooled By My Professor

In Which I Get Schooled By My Professor (I know you’re tempted to stop reading after the video, but keep going!) You all remember Professor Reddien, right? (Crash course: He co-taught my 7.03 (genetics) class this semester. This was his lecture on genetic silencing. And yes, in case you were wondering, I thought the lecture did happen to be a good time. We learned about how you get weird gene expression with varying degrees of histone packing and… actually, on second thought, I had a lot of good doodles from this lecture. I’ll table it for another post. Moral of the story: chromatin is a lot like me â€" if something’s messed up, it’s usually to blame.) The real gem of this post is that Prof. Reddien allowed me to interview him the other day, and well â€" see for yourself: Now, as awesome as that was (he used to read Feynmans books!), I am so bummed that the best part of the conversation came after I turned my camera off. See, a lot of you are probably in the process of figuring out where you want to go to college (I assume you readers are mostly prospective students, unless you’re my mom. Sorry mom, you already had your college days. No applying to MIT!), and some of you may already be here. All of you must know that being a student is pretty stressful. But Prof. Reddien mentioned something before I left â€" he said, “You know, I think some students just feel like they have to do things, so they miss out on how fun learning is.” Schooled by P. Reddien. I’ll be the first to admit that this semester is probably the hardest one I’ve ever had… ever. I can’t exactly pinpoint anything in particular (aside from one certain frustrating class), but I felt really drained by the end and when people asked, “Hey, how are you?” my default response was, “Tired.” And when Prof. Reddien said those words to me, I thought to myself, Crap. When did learning start sucking so much? Albeit, I was in the middle of finals week, so I wasn’t as gung-ho about my classes, but still. Long-time readers will remember Ben, the guy who started the MIT Blogs. I remember being a high-schooler and reading one of his posts where he said, “This is the time of your life where your only responsibility is to learn.” We may gripe about AP tests, problems sets, whatever, but when it comes down to it, we have a really, really sweet deal. Our only responsibility right now is to discover how things work, to read that one book that’ll change our lives (don’t lie, you know you loved Everything Is Illuminated), to learn how to play that piece that’ll make an audience stand on its feet. Talking to Prof. Reddien reminded me of this a lot. At MIT and at any college, you’ll get professors who maybe don’t care as much, maybe are caught up in their research, maybe just want to show off how smart they are. But you’ll also see people who genuinely love what they do. As I left the Whitehead Institute, I thought, I want that. Not to be a professor, not to be a researcher. No â €" I want to be able to wake up everyday and say, “Man it sucks to have to do this paperwork or to deal with this administration or to deal with blah blah but I am damn lucky to being doing what I love every single day.” Does that mean I might try to get an internship with Animal Planet? Does that mean I’ll finally perform my stand-up routine at an open-mic night? Who knows. For those of you who were admitted on Friday â€" congrats! But more than we want you to be here, we want to you be confident in knowing that this’ll be the place that you’ll be able to pursue your passions. Many people have turned down MIT and ended up pretty chipper people (see Matt’s post). For those of you who were deferred â€" relax. Spend your holiday break with your family and friends. Enjoy it (you deserve to!). A deferral is not a “polite rejection” â€" I was deferred, too. And now I’m a crazy blogger (other side note: I didn’t get accepted as a blogger my first application, either!) for the admissions office! For those of you who weren’t accepted â€" a lot of things happen that we may not understand, but if you could only see how hard our admissions staff works, you would know how much they care about each applicant, about how much thought they put into deciding what’s best for each person. When they say “we look for a good fit,” they really mean “we try to determine how happy someone would be at MIT.” This school is not for everyone, and I’ll admit that there are days where I wonder what I’m doing at the Masochistic Institute of Technology. Don’t let this discourage you â€" be confident that now you’re just closer to finding a school that you’ll be really happy attending. For all of you â€" whether you’re a senior in high school wanting to come here, an upperclassman at MIT wondering what to do with your life, a parent â€" remember to let everything you do be guided by asking yourself, “Am I working toward something I love?” For some people, MIT will help you achieve that. For others, perhaps not. Sure, we’ll have to face things that aren’t so fun (*cough*standardizedtesting*cough), but you don’t have to go to MIT. You don’t have to do your problem sets. You don’t have to go to college. But if you decide that it’s something you want and not just something you have to do â€" don’t forget that when learning/working hard starts to suck. And remember that for most of us lucky ones, we don’t have to worry about bills, about co-workers, about bosses â€" no matter what school we go to, we have the incredible privilege of getting to learn. (And if you get lucky, it’s getting to learn from Peter Reddien!)

Essay about Iran Engagement Policy Option - 1643 Words

Thirty-four years ago, the Islamic Revolution changed not only the leadership of Iran but brought a complex and strained relationships with the United States. The focus of this paper is an analysis on an Iranian engagement policy option outlined in the CSIS Report â€Å"The Gulf Kaleidoscope: Reflections on the Iranian Challenge†. The international relations theory of liberalism is applied using the tenets of economic interdependence and democratic transparency. For three decades, exchanges between the United States and Iranian diplomats have been tactical, not strategic. There are various policy options that can be utilized effectively and strategically to communicate, ultimately negotiate, with Iran. â€Å"Iran is a threat to regional†¦show more content†¦The essential features of an engagement policy option are a â€Å"robust diplomatic strategy,† reassessing economic sanctions, and Iranian international relations. The end state is an engagement strategy that prevents Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. A diplomatic strategy is the best option in engaging Iran but it will require patience and a long-term commitment. The impact to Iran over the past 34 years is a zcountry that is isolated from not only the Middle East but also the international community. Only through a bilateral diplomatic effort will the United States convince Iran to change its foreign policy. The focus of the bilateral discussions is Iran’s nuclear program and the right to enrich uranium and an easing of the crippling sanctions on the Iranian economy. There is a belief Iran is amiable to discussing a inherent right to enrichment uranium as outlined in the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, while seeking relief from the mandated United States and United Nations sanctions. Kenneth Waltz’s article â€Å"Why Iran Should Get the Bomb: Nuclear Balancing Would Mean Stability†, outlines why â€Å"punishing a state through economic sanctions does not inexorably derail its nuclear program.† The Sanctions placed against Iran have been largely successful for the United States, whereas our diplomatic strategy has not been as successful. In some form or fashion each United States Presidents since President Carter hasShow MoreRelatedPolicy Engagement with Iran1715 Words   |  7 PagesEngagement with Iran This essay recommends a policy of engagement reinforced by the key tenets of liberal theory for dealing with Iran. It will also discuss a principal weakness of engagement as well as demonstrate how Nixon’s foreign policy doctrine serves as a useful historical precedent for a policy of engagement. Engagement seeks to heighten shared interests through building diplomatic communications to achieve desired outcomes. Over the past three decades, contacts between the United StatesRead MoreThe Collapse Of The Soviet Union1686 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States not bombed Iran becomes even more perplexing. Iran has consistently been labeled as a radical and unstable nation which poses a major threat to not only United States interest, but also to the other countries in the region. If this is true, then why has nothing been done to neutralize the threat of Iran and its nuclear program? That is the question that author, Ido Oren seeks to answer in his article entitled, â€Å"Why has the United States not bombed Iran?†. In his article Mr. OrenRead MoreKurdish Crisis In Kurdistan899 Words   |  4 PagesErdogan has threatened to shut down their border with the Kurdistan Regional Government and Iraqi and Turkish forces held military exercises on their border. Iran is pla nning their own military exercises with the Iraqi military and closed its airspace to Iraqi Kurdistan (Hannah, 2017). The United States needs to be cognizant of Turkey and Iran as key players in the Middle East, and should avoid angering Turkey as a NATO ally. The United States has been assisting the Kurdish forces militarily by trainingRead MoreSyria Crisis Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesUnder the request of National Security Adviser Flynn, the following is a summary on the current situation in Syria and a recommendation for the best course of action to undertake. In it you will find a set of possible policy options to address the situation. SITUATION In 2011 the civil war in Syria began after protesters clashed against Syrian security forces leaving many protestors dead. What began as protests against the government of Syrian President Bashar Al Assad calling for him to stepRead MoreIran and United States Relations Essay2225 Words   |  9 Pagesgreat determinants of the international relations that exist among different countries. Iran has for a long time predominantly been a challenge to the American interests. Iran’s political direction could go both ways. If the government decides to stand down on their nuclear program, then Iran represents itself is not only a peaceful but responsible actor. If Iran opts to oppose American diplomatic engagement, then they become a destabilizing power in the Persian Gulf and Middle East. Either way,Read MoreThe Modern Rising Powers Of China1206 Words   |  5 Pagesthey called for sanctions against Russia for their annexation of Crimea. Similarly China also called for a Security Pact with Russia and Iran, two nations with historical backgrounds against the United States and it is said that Beijing was trying to extend its influence whilst limiting the role of the US (Watt 2014). If China’s security deal with Russia and Iran were to been viewed as a threat to NATO, then there would be a substantial threat to the international order, especially the declining hegemonRead MoreDoctrine of Foreign Policy Constructed by U.S. Presidents1198 Words   |  5 Pagesconstruct doctrines during their presidency terms in office that defined their individual foreign policy goals and/or aims. Just to name a few there was the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, Truman Doctrine 1947 and the Reagan Doctrine of 1984. For example, the Monroe Doctrine was constructed for two main reasons: 1) John Adams, Secretary of State, suggested the principle that the Western hemisphere was not an option for any further colonization by the European powers and 2) the U.S. would defend the freedomRea d MoreThe Islamic Republic Of Iran2234 Words   |  9 PagesThe Islamic Republic of Iran is an authoritarian, complex and opaque regime with many leaders including the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who are openly hostile toward the west and in particular the United States. The former Supreme Leader Khomenei once said, â€Å"we must strive to export our Revolution throughout the world, and must abandon all idea of not doing so,† # despite their best efforts the Iranians have failed to achieve the Revolution’s goal. Furthermore the vast majority of MuslimsRead MoreEssay on George W. Bush/Barack Obama1746 Words   |  7 PagesObama are very different. While this is true some would be surprised at the similarities between these presidents. The differences between the two presidents go beyond style, of course. However, if one looked at the major economic and defense policies the differences, when any, are fairly minor. George W. Bush was born on July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut. Bush was the oldest of six children of George Bush, who served as the forty-first president of the United States (1989-93), andRead MoreIs A Nuclear Free Iran?2048 Words   |  9 Pages A nuclear free Iran is the main objective. This policy transcends partisan divides within the American political system and between international hegemonic rivalries. A nuclear capable Iran is neither an American nor an Israeli problem. Rather, the community of nations must collectively ensure the end of Iran’s pursuit towards a weapon of mass destruction. The consequences of failure are unprecedented. Regional stability will deteriorate, global security will be undermined, and economic interests

Definition and Examples of Sarcasm

Sarcasm is a mocking, often ironic or satirical remark, sometimes intended to wound as well as amuse. Adjective: sarcastic. A person adept at using sarcasm is sarcastic. Also known in rhetoric as  sarcasm and the bitter taunt. Sarcasm, says  John Haiman,   is  a particularly transparent variety  of cheap talk or hot air insofar as the speaker is overtly meaning (and saying) the opposite of what he or she ostensibly claims to be saying (Talk Is Cheap: Sarcasm, Alienation, and the Evolution of Language, 1998). Pronunciation: sar-KAZ-um ​​​Etymology: From the Greek, bite the lips in rage Examples and Observations Oh, a sarcasm detector. That’s a really useful invention!(Comic Book Guy, The SimpsonsOh, Lou, my mother would whine, dressed for a cocktail party in her muted, earth-tone caftan. Youre not going to wear that, are you?Whats wrong with this? hed ask. These pants are brand-new.New to you, shed say. Pimps and circus clowns have been dressing that way for years.(David Sedaris, The Womens Open. Naked. Little, Brown and Company, 1997Dr. House: So youre treating professional sports injuries now?Patient: Oh, no, Im not . . .Dr. House: . . . familiar with the concept of sarcasm. Dont sweat it, its new.(Dying Changes Everything, House, M.D.Abed: Another muffin basket, from another actress who wants to be in my next film.Jeff: Does that work?Abed: Yep. Meryl Streep has two Oscars because of her baking. Ah, thats sarcasm, but I forgot to inflect. This sounds way more like sarcasm. Inflection is so interesting.[Abed should have said intonation, not inflection.](Danny Pudi as Abed and Joel McHale as Jeff in Communication Studies. Community, Feb. 11, 2010Neither irony or sarcasm is argument.(Samuel Butler)First, situations may be ironic, but only people can be sarcastic. Second, people may be unintentionally ironic, but sarcasm requires intention. What is essential to sarcasm is that it is overt irony intentionally used by the speaker as a form of verbal aggression.(John Haiman, Talk Is Cheap: Sarcasm, Alienation, and the Evolution of Language. Oxford University Press, 1998 Irony and Sarcasm Classical rhetoricians admired irony as a rhetorical device primarily because of its ability to engage the audiences interest. . . .However, as Aristotle pointed out, irony frequently implies contempt for its target and therefore it must be used carefully. Moreover, while Aristotle observed that irony befit[s] a gentleman, he warns that to be most effective, [t]he jests of the ironical man [should be] at his own expense, not at the expense of others. . . .For example, when [Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Antonin Scalia accuses] the Court of misleadingly describing its previous sex-classification cases, Scalias sarcasm is patent: The wonderful thing about these statements is that they are not actually false--just as it would not be actually false to say that our cases have thus far reserved the beyond a reasonable doubt standard of proof for criminal cases, or that we have not equated tort actions, for all purposes to criminal prosecutions. He is equally sarcastic elsewhere.(Michael H. Frost, Introduction to Classical Legal Rhetoric: A Lost Heritage. Ashgate, 2005) Contrary to frequent usage, irony, the device, does not always communicate sarcasm, the effect. The speaker or authors rhetorical goal may be anything from gentle humor, intended to produce a mutual laugh and so establish rapport between speaker and hearer, to corrosive derision meant to insult the audience or reduce a target to a smoking ruin. What is attempted or achieved (the speech act or illocutionary dimension of the utterance) depends, as always, on the variables of the rhetorical situation, and on how the device and its detection contribute to those variables.(Jeanne Fahnestock, Rhetorical Style: The Uses of Language in Persuasion. Oxford Univ. Press, 2011)Let it be first provided that this figure (sarcasmus) be not used without some great cause which may well deserve it, as arrogancie, insolent pride, wilfull folly, shamefull lecherie, ridiculous avarice, or such like, for it is both folly and rudenesse to use derision without cause: but to mocke silly people, innocents, or men in misery, or the poore in distresse, argueth both the pride of the mind, and the crueltie of the heart.(Henry Peachum, The Garden of Eloquence, 1593)Adrian Monk: This is my assistant, Sharona.Ambrose Monk: Hello, we spoke on the phone.Adrian Monk: Oh, so you can dial a telephone! I was worried. I thought you might be paralyzed, or something.Ambrose Monk: I wasnt paralyzed.Adrian Monk: I was being sarcastic.Ambrose Monk: You were being sardonic. Sarcasm is a contemptuous ironic statement. You were being mockingly derisive. Thats sardonic.(Tony Shalhoub and John Turturro in Mr. Monk and the Three Pies. Monk, 2004)Whatever the reason, I was saddled with this strange name, which meant that I was constantly, constantly, being serenaded with the sometimes you feel like a nut Almond Joy/Mounds jingle, which I would have liked to quote in full, except that Hersheys legal staff denied me permission. I can certainly understand why. God only knows what ruin might befall Hersheys if this j ingle--which hasnt been used in two decades--were suddenly brazenly resurrected by a young Jewish candy freak. One shudders to consider the fallout for the entire fragile candy-trademark-jingle trademark ecosystem.(Steve Almond, Candyfreak, 2004)Sarcasm is related to our ability to understand other peoples mental state. It is not just a linguistic form; it is also related to social cognition.(Dr. Shannon-Tsoory, qtd. by David Adam, Highest Brain Areas Spot Lowest Form of Wit. The Guardian, June 2, 2005)Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the language of the devil; for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it.(Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, 1833-34) The Lighter Side of Sarcasm Teen 1: Oh, here comes that cannonball guy. Hes cool.Teen 2: Are you being sarcastic, dude?Teen 1: I dont even know anymore.Homerpalooza, The Simpsons) Leonard: You convinced me. Maybe tonight we should sneak in and shampoo her carpet.Sheldon: You dont think that crosses the line?Leonard: Yes. For Gods sake, Sheldon, do I have to hold up a sarcasm sign every time I open my mouth?Sheldon: You have a sarcasm sign?(Johnny Galecki and Jim Parsons in The Big Bran Hypothesis. The Big Bang Theory, 2007)Leonard: Hey, Penny. Hows work?Penny: Great! I hope Im a waitress at the Cheesecake Factory for my whole life!Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Penny: No.Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Penny: Yes.Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Leonard: Stop it!(Johnny Galecki, Kaley Cuoco, and Jim Parsons in The Financial Permeability. The Big Bang Theory, 2009)

Race And Racial Inequality By Amanda Lewis - 2763 Words

Racism is an obstacle that continues to play an active role in daily lives across the global. Currently, Americans are outraged by the actions of white police officers toward black men. In Ferguson, Missouri an unarmed, black teenager was shot by a white police officer and a black man was choked to death by a white officer in New York City. Racial tensions run deep in the United States, but race is social construction that is learned. Sociologist Amanda Lewis’s book, Race in the Schoolyard: Negotiating the Color Line in Classrooms and Communities defends the notion that schools are institutions in which children learn about race and maintain racial inequality. The author, Amanda Lewis, conducted a study in the 1990s to examine how race and racial inequality are reproduced on a day-to-day basis in schools. She argues that the curriculums, educators, and the children themselves create and reinforce racial lessons. She picked three elementary schools in Southern California: Foresthills, West City, and Metro2. The schools were selected based on their location and cultural composition. At each school she was paired with a teacher who would be the best help for the study. She observed the behaviors and interactions of students in fourth/fifth grade classes. Interviews were conducted with the students, teachers, members of the school community, and parents as well. The first school, Foresthills, was a suburban school in a predominantly white suburb. Most of theShow MoreRelatedThe Phenomenology Of Racism And Racism3579 Words   |  15 PagesGrowing up my parents always taught me to respect everyone for who they were regardless of their ra ce or culture . Even though my parents was raised in a racially segregated environment that had a strong impact on their world view and sense of others in the world. I grew up in a privileged family in the suburban area of Atlanta, Georgia. Not many African Americans attended my school with me . My parents and grandparents experienced racism in their community.I am pushed by my family to work hard and

Four play summaries Essay Example For Students

Four play summaries Essay It takes place in a mental institution where a new patient has just arrived. This patient ends up messing with everyone and creating chaos in the institution. R.P. McMurphy is a new patient at the mental institution, he is a charming devil, who wants to serve a very short sentence in the mental institution instead of a long term sentence in a prison. This is a mistake, he suddenly learns, for he runs into Nurse Ratched, who can keep him institutionalized forever. He ends up taking over the ward, controlling the rest of the patients, and to the astonishment to medical professionals, he makes Chief Bromden, who was presumedly deaf and dumb, speak. He turns the other inmates into more extrovert people by doing all sorts of things, from playing games, arranging a party at midnight, or even staging a revolt so that the other patients can watch the world series. Afraid that McMurphy will become more controlling than she is, Nurse Ratched has McMurphy submitted to shock treatment. After he recovers, he is forced to undergo one of the worst treatments for his final correction, a frontal lobotomy. However to save McMurphy from this, the Chief kills McMurphy, and escapes from the institution. List and Descrive the main characters in the play-R.P. McMurphy- Patient, very loud and obnoxious, very controlling and canivingNurse Ratched- Very mean Nurse, likes to control all the patients in the institution, by any means necessaryChief Bromden- Deaf and dumb Indian, or pressumedly so. Identify and explain a key line in the play-Its not necessarily a key line during the play, its more of an instance during the play the sends everything spiraling down. During the scene in which McMurphy has finally pushed Nurse Ratched to her boiling point, and she turns him to shock treatment, then schedules a frontal labotomy for him, which causes the Chief to kill him, and get the other prisoners to escape. This is a story that takes place on Christmas eve in New York City. Where Mark, a young filmmaker, sets up his camera. His roomate Roger, a songwriter and ex-junkie, struggles to pick out a song on his electric guitar. The story goes through a day in the lives of these two men. This is a story that takes place on Christmas eve in New York City. Where Mark, a young filmmaker, sets up his camera. His roomate Roger, a songwriter and ex-junkie, struggles to pick out a song on his electric guitar. The phone in their place rings, and it is an old friend at a pay phone, but their call is cut short because he, Collins, gets mugged. The phone rings again, but this time it is Marks and Rogers landlord who wants their overdue rent money. Collins is found beaten by a friend of Mark and Roger, named Angel, a drag queen. Collins and Angel find a strange attraction between one another, and then find out that they are both HIV-Positive. Roger, who is called by Marks ex-girlfiend, Maureen, asking if he can help her that night with some technical aspects of a performance that she is to give later that night, and he agrees. Collins and Angel come to Mark and Rogers place, inviting them to join him out for the evening, Mark joins, but Roger doesnt. Roger is then visited by a neighbor of his, Mimi, who instantly takes a liking to Roger. But Roger deflects all of her come ons. He later finds out that he and mimi share a secret and an illness, their addiction to drugs, and they are both taking AZT. Roger begins to take greater interest in Mimi. Later in the story Roger and Mimi have become much more romatically involved, so have Collins and Angel. But it comes to a tragic end when Angel dies. And when Roger later turns from Mimi and heads for Santa Fe. Unbeknownst to him, Mimi, who is now extremely sick, returns later to Mark and Rogers place. She now tells Roger that she loves him.And Roger, who has finally found his song, is able to play and sing it for Mimi. There is a very touching scene where Angel appears once again in a warm white light. .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce , .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce .postImageUrl , .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce , .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce:hover , .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce:visited , .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce:active { border:0!important; } .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce:active , .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u35d23134f722847e9743150f46d064ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of Mice And Men Friendship EssayList and describe the main charactersRoger- Independant musician, who is an ex-junkie, is also in love with Mimi. Mimi- Neighbor of Mark and Roger, who was a junkie, and is in love with Roger. I have always loved you Said by Roger to Mimi. Its his realization of his true feelings, and through all the chaos, and tragedy that has happened this finally begins to set things right. Identify and list any special production requirements-Sir Arthur gets an alchemist to call upon the spirit of laughter in order to be granted a wish. It turns out that the spirit of laughter plays a joke on Sir Arthur that costs him his life. The story takes place on New Years Eve, where Sir Arthur Strangeways has called upon an Alchemist, who is shown in by Sir Arthurs Butler, Snaggs. The Alchemist makes it rather apparant that he does not want to be there, but Sir Arthur is determined to get what he wants. The Alchemist knows how to call upon spirits, whether it be the spirit of death, the spirit of drought or in this case the spirit of laughter. However the Alchemist also knows of the dangers involved in this, for spirits loath mankind, and plot against them in every way that they can. Disreguarding the Alchemists warning to specifically not call upon the spirit of laughter, he does. But he asks for a simple thing, a file of the Times newspapers for the year of 1929. This wish is granted by the spirit. And the spirit disappears, but not before telling Sir Arthur that the newspaper will disappear within an hour of midnight. Sir Arthur lunges into the papers, going directing to the stock reports pages, making notes of al l the good stocks to buy. The Alchemist all the while telling him that he should not be doing this, and even though Sir Arthur is telling him that he will be making millions, and even offering millions to the Alchemist if he helps, he tries to leave. Sir Arthur lets him out. He then returns to his papers, looking at the next days paper, he relaxes, only to find that someone has written in the paper the he has died. He first takes this as a joke, but then he begins to gasp for air, he then collapses and dies. Snaggs rushes in, finds out that Sir Arthur is dead, and calls up the Times newspaper, telling them that Sir Arthur has died. Sir Arthur Strangeways- Greedy stockmarket playedAlchemist- Strange person who knows about the supernatural world. Be warned Master, and have none of him Said by the Alchemist to Sir Arthur, warning him not to call upon the spirit of laughter. This is forshadowing the end of the play on how it will not turn out to be good, and it also makes Sir Arthur want to call upon the spirit of laughter even more. Identify and list any special production requirementsWhite powder- Needs to be used for the calling up of the spirit of laughter, it must be able to burn quickly when a match is set to it. This is about a man traveling on a train, who is I believe somewhat of a successful and well-known man. He is greeted almost immediately by the conductor of the train, they begin a conversation. Mr. Mercer is a traveler on a train. He gets on the train and is greeted by Morton, the porter. Morton introduces himself, and then Mr. Mercer introduces himself. Morton recognizes who Mr. Mercer is, and immediately gets the conductor of the train. The conductor comes and greets Mr. Mercer, and they begin a conversation about people they both know, and places they have both been to. It becomes apparant that the conductor, Mr. Barclay, is being extremely nice to Mr. Mercer. As the train nears its stop, Mr. Barclay gets up in order to call out the stop of the train, and Mr. Mercer gathers his things. As Mr. Mercer gets off the train, and says goodbye to his new friend, Mr. Barclay takes a small address book out of his pocket and writes Mr. Mercer a friend of the company. .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92 , .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92 .postImageUrl , .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92 , .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92:hover , .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92:visited , .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92:active { border:0!important; } .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92:active , .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92 .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04e2294f654e26fda10772fd56de4d92:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Genetics EssayMr. Mercer- A traveler on a train, a successful personI think it would be the Mr. Mercer a friend of the company. line. Because it gives the whole story a bit of a twist, and opens up the story a bit more. Bibliography:

A Gift from a Son Who Died Essay Sample free essay sample

cubic decimeter thought the Sun and the Moon would travel oui. I thought ioy itself would decease when Eric died. He had given so much to all ot us his household. his iriends And yet his decease is non the terminal oi ioy after all lt s sornehow another beginning. . lour’ Eric died at 22. aller a ahd-a-half -year battle with leukaemia. R While he left thallium with the deep contusions ol heartache. he left us sg much more So much to celebratel There’s a triumph here that I m still lrying io understand Why do l. even in loss. leel stronger? Why does life on lhis untldy. unsafe planet seem more wonderfullY Precious? I am witting now ol the vaiue of each good minute. the importance oi blowing nil. These lhings are Eric’s gildings to me. They weren’t easy bought or qui6kly accepted. And noi all came iied with ribbonst manY were delivered with blows ln add-on to leLrkemla. We will write a custom essay sample on A Gift from a Son Who Died Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eric was enduring from adolescence. And there were iimes when this status took more oui of us than his other one A seventeen-year-old male child who may non populate to go a adult male is all of a sudden in a great haste. Like a hawkish new state he wants instant lndependence and no comprornises A { ier the ilrst few hebdomads Eric qulckly took charge oi his unwellness cubic decimeter was no longer to speak io the physicians ln Nraga’ ne Copvrighl vitamin E ) lact-the message came through clearly-l was no longer to speak at all unless lcould avoid sounding like a disquieted female parent. Possibly it would hold been dilferent iJ we’d had a opportunity cubic decimeter ( J preparo tor whal was coming. but it was a bolt of lightning from a cloudless sky. We live in a little ConnocticLlt town. merely a block from the beach. This had been a summer Iike many others. The forepart hall was. as usual. full ol sand and kicked-of T gym shoes. cryptic towels thal didn’l belong lo us. an assorlment ol swimming Lins. and association football balls. By September. l. like many female parents. was hall-lo’rgilg for school to slarl and hal’dreading it. Our twenty-year-old girl had married. and now Eric was packed and ready to travel otf ior his first-year twelvemonth at the Universily of Connecticut. But len-year-old Lisa and ‘ourleen-year-old Mark would still oe al place. lkept telljng myself how lucky Id oe to hold less laundry and fewer cooky crumbs to postulate with. But I didn’t precisely believe it. One afternoon Eric and lboth wanted the auto at the same minute. †1ve got to run al the path. N4om. † He was have oning his association football shoris and running places. â€Å"lve merely got two more yearss before school starls. and Im non in form † I knew how much he wanted to do the lreshman association football squad when he got to college. but I had work to. make. â€Å"l have to travel to the pressman. † lsaid. â€Å"But l’ll bead you ofl at the field and choice y ou up subsequently. † â€Å"Okay. He scowled a spot at the via media. As we drove olf together. I noticed something on his leg-an ugly ruddy sore. large and unit of ammunition as a Ag dollar’ There was another larther down. And another on his other leg. â€Å"Eric. What have you got on Your legs? † â€Å"Dunno. Liille infection possibly. † †lt doesn’t look small to me. cubic decimeter protested. â€Å"lmpeiigo is what it looks like. We’d better travel R ; ght over to the doctor’s ‘like mad. lf that’s what it ls. they aren t even traveling to allow you into the cabinet room. We ve got two yearss before You qo. Let’s acquire the physician to unclutter it up office. ’ – â€Å"Moml† He was ferocious. †Eric. ‘ I said- â€Å"lmpetigo spreads †All right. † he said dully. The sores did non look like impetigo to our physician. He told his secreiary to name ll^e hospilal a ’ld â€Å"-range to hold E. Intelligence Communities admilted following forenoon for trials. Be at that place at eight. Eric. † he said†What trials? † lturned to the physician. Eric had had a complele physical requ’red lor all freshers. merely 12 yearss before. Blood tesls. excessively. He’d passed wilh winging colourss. †I want them lo rebroadcast some of the blood trials. ‘ said the physician. I’ve besides ordered a bone marrow-† I blanked out the words â€Å"bone marrow† as if I’d neer heard them Alter all. llhought as we drove home’ he d jlst had that perfect physical. ‘ Yet the nexl afternoon when the phone rang and the physician was saying’ â€Å"l’d like to speak to you and your hubby togelher-† I knew at one time. â€Å"You don Ts have to state me. † I said. â€Å"l know. Eric has leukamla. † I was one time in a house struck bY lightning. The sensati on’ the scene’ even the unusual electrical odor relurned at that minute A powerful bolt seemed to enie. the top ol my skull as I got the message. . Eric had leukemiaHe’d ever been a all right athlete’ a competilor. a smuggler. Now fate had lripped him ; he stumbled and fell’ Yet how rapidly he tried to acquire up and fall in the race againl Leli at horno that lall. really ill. with his friends scatlering to schools and iobs. he still was determined to travel to college subsequently. analyze difficult. nlake the association football ieam. finally make all Arnerican. To these ends he shortly added suppress symptoms and produce periods of remittal. They did non cognize how to bring around it. There was hope. though’ in the fact that Eric had a type ol childhood leukaemia that was particularly antiphonal to drug thorapy. { BY now. a lew youngsiers arb really belng cuaed of it. ) But Eric. Al 17. was beyond the age of most efiective intervention Soon we discovered that his body overreacted to many of the best drugs and that the recommended high dosage’ needed to destruct morbid cells. tended excessively rapidly to pass over out heallhy ones’ There were times during those first months when I saw him agitate. tighting for control. After all. it hadn t been tqo. long since he was a little male child who could throw himself in my a. MS for comlort Part of him must hold been shouting. †Please salvage me! Don’t allow me diel† fifty couldn’t save him. but lcould show him my ain best courago cubic decimeter learned to conceal my conceln. my tenderness’ and lsaw he was strengthened by my composure He had to run free to be a mafl lwanted that. lf there were io be no other option. eventua ly I would assist him decease like a We learned to be insouciant with danger. to populate with decease I! st around ihe corner. Whenever Eric was discharged irom the infirmary after lransiusions ( first they would give him two. ihˆn five. lhen seven ) . he would lly toss off the stairss one more-to stay alive We both knew ihat lremendous ordeals lay in front Leukemia malignant neoplastic disease of the blood. had always been a fleet slayer When Eric develoPed lhe dlsease in 1968. physicians had merely found ways to decelerate it down by utilizing powerlul drugs lo A Time lor couraqe merely singing a dut { el bag’ as Illinois he were himback lrom a great weekend l’d manus the keys to lhe auto. slide over. and Ho would pick up his life as if nil had happened. Bqt there were ever drugs’ ever turns of sickness. I remember one time slarting uP the stepss to convey him a cup oJ weak tea He passed me on the manner down have oning his swim short pantss and transporting a speal gun get lgnor: ng l’le lea. he said Vaybe cubic decimeter ll played pick-up you a fish lor supper† He soccer. weekend foolball’ and hoops with a haemoglobin so low it left him short of breath. on occasion falnt On ihe hoops tribunal. his teammates. galloping lor a end at the other terminal of the gym. would shout†Ã¢â‚¬ËœJusl remain there’ Eric-we’11 be right back. † ll was ever more than a game he played. His life was on the line’ †Exercise. Attitlld6. Desire were the chalked words on his chalkboard These threo words would convey him through †You don t dice of leuk you know. ’ he qoes said one time lo me Somelhi. g else traveling to Your bosom. Or your child ; eys lm l’m be ready ior it when it comes for ‘ne traveling to win. But he was rioi coniused about ihe nature of hls enemy-at least nol by the clip he d exhausted some hebdomads on the 8th lloor of [ 4emorial Hospitals Ewing Pavilllon in New York Ewing Pallenls speak a batch about remittals. oi class. Remission -that seductive wordl Hope. with the end_tohope implied. Eric’s remittals encouraged us Once he gol an elevenmonth stay of executing with the dr! g at him Methotrexate. I remember beach Thai summer as he ran the ‘ooklng with triends. AII of them tan. radiance. happy’ allwith the same powqrful shoulders’ the same strong. brown legs What could at that place be in the bonds of one that differed from the others? The following twenty-four hours Memo’ial phoned- Eric’s most recent trials had showa that his remittal was at an terminal Even as lwatched him. wild cells had been jumping up in his marrow like dragon’s ieeth. More and so more AIM/ays more than could be slain’ ‘ Eric endured and survived many crises- He learned to populate on the border of the shelf and non look down Whenever he had to be in the hospital’ Memorial’s doclors qave him passes to get away tho horror. Once he wenl out beckoning good-by to less fortunate inmales on the’floor. merely to return an hr subsequently beckoning from the ambulance stretcher. There was no livjng withoul R ; sks and so he tool them. { Th: s is one of his particular giits to me. Darel Take life. dangers and all. ) The disease gained on him. To forestall infitction Ho was fjnally put jn a windowless. stray chamber. the laminal air-flow room. Sterile air. sleriJe everything. sterjle masks. caps. gowns. baseball mitts for anyone come ining his room. He joked. played io the eager audjence peering through his gtass-windowed door. And so sudden terrible bleedings. Six yearss of unconsciousness. soarjng febrilities. His white count was perilously low. Plalelet count zerol Hemoglobin barely deserving adverting. Certain I thougrrt. Thursday. s rs the terminal. 8ut friends came. literally by bLsloads to gtve blood for t. ansfusrors During that crisisr it took more than 32 blood givers a twenty-four hours merely to maintain him alive. lwatched the physicians and nurses proding for veins_ taping both needled weaponries lo boards. packing the bleedings. agitating him to bestir him irom daze. and llhoughl: EnoughlLet him dje in peacel Why brlng him back lor more? He’s proved himsetl-and beyond. He s had two qood old ages of college. He made the association football squad and even made the dean’s list. No morel Let him gol But I had atom to larn about my son’s strength and lesources. There was still much good tife to be lived at the border of the dark topographic point. Erio came back. He had to stay in the laminal air-flow room. off and on. for about fou. . months. Yet within hebdomads hˆ was running from 12 to fifteen stat mis a twenty-four hours. That spring. he didn cubic decimeter acquire back lo coltege. but in hjs absence they named him captain of the association football leam ; he received lhe award for The l4ost lmproved ptayer. and fina Y was ljsted among the All-New England All-Stars. Proud awards. jusuy won. And rl. ere were others. We have a bookcase full of plaques and decorations. BJt I I’easure even more the rhings they don’t give decorations for: his irreverent wit ; the warmlh and love and consideration he qave his lrjends. especjally his companions in the War on the Eighth Floor. For these last he was a jaunty hero. subsister ol heroic poem batfles. yet he was ever one of them ; hopefully. the Golden Warrior who would take them all to victory-or at least flight. He and a fetlow lnmate about managed it one time. Hiding themselves in laundry carts under djrty linen. they rode down nine floors on the service lift and out to the pavement. Just short of oe’rg joaded wilh tl^e taurdry on a t. uc. they decided to give thenselves up and travel back to cram maarow’ endovenous bottles. and the remainder of it. There was after all. no existent manner oulAs a varlation on the subject of flight. Eric invenled Ralph the Camel. a melancholic dromedary who’ although hospitalized { or â€Å"humpomeia†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ someway managed to last all the witless ireatments his dociors could invent. lncluding day-to-day injections of pineapple juice. Ealph starred in a series of belowground amusing books known as The AdlentLrres ol Eiting 8. which featured Memori al’s top physicians. nurses’ technicians. and other notables’ all drawn by Eric in unmerciful imitation As Dr Bayard Clarkson put it. Eric spared no 1. but we could haadly wait for the following Advenhue- ‘ When they asked for more. his monetary value was simple: â€Å"Get me in remittal. two looked convincing. The dociors broke up. The ward cheered! For the moment’ wit had decease on the tally. The 8th lloor was a bad Topographic point to do friends. As one crusty old patienl put ii. Makg mutton quad and you’ll lose’em † Bul lor Eric. there was no manner to remain uninvolved. ln the beginning he looked for the secrets of endurance in the most spiriled people around him. â€Å"That Eileen is so great. ’ he told me ‘She’s crush this thing tor five yearsl† Or. â€Å"Look at that old glry. Mr. Miller’ They merely took out his lien. but he’s hanging in therel† . Then. as the months oi his interventions lengthened into old ages. he began to see them travel. The good. the brave. the beautilul. the weak. the whining. thˆ passive- They were all traveling the same manner. . Eileen. Mr. l4iller’ and so many more. when he was at place during one of his last remissions’ he chalked uP new words on his chalkboard. ‘We are all in the same boat in a stormy sea and we owe each olher a lerrible loyally ( G. K Cheslerton ) Eric would non abandon or fauli his companlons He would play his bosom out while the qame might 6till be won’ but he was get downing to ihink ol the unthinkable. The casualty lists on the eighlh floor were long. At the terminal. Eric eventually accepted his ain decease. This credence was his last’ most cherished gilding to me-what made my one ol his feats becarne a fable.

Development of the theory of public administration

Development of the theory of public administration Introduction The fifties (and especially late fifties) of the twentieth century were marked by certain shift in public administration theory in the USA. Theorists in this field focused on human resources and people’s behavior within organizations. Leadership and decision-making were regarded as some of the most important components of public administrators’ functioning (Cox et al., 2010).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Development of the theory of public administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the most prominent public administration theorists of that period were Philip Selznick, Douglas McGregor and Charles E. Lindblom. These theorists contributed greatly to the field of public administration as they developed certain approaches which became the basis for further research. The Theorists and Their Contribution Selznick was one of the proponents of organizational approach. One of his major contributions was his attention to the goals set by the organization and employees’ goals (Shafritz Hyde, 2012). The theorist noted that people often had different goals and this dichotomy often led to poor performance. Thus, according to Selznick, employees, who did not share the organization’s values and set goals which differed from the ones, set within the organization, could not function effectively (Shafritz Hyde, 2012). Furthermore, the theorist also stressed that it was crucial to develop proper environment within the organization to enable employees to cooperate and be efficient. Thus, communication was one of the keys to success. Another prominent theorist of that period was Douglas McGregor. He also focused on the environment within the organization. The theorist claimed that motivation, control and leadership play essential role in the development of proper environment (Shafritz Hyde, 2012). Thus, McGregor emphasized that leadership was imp ortant as employees needed support and control. Inspiring leaders could motivate public administrators, which could improve performance of the latter. Effective cooperation between employees could be achieved with the help of control. Noteworthy, the researcher stated that public administrators had to know the organization’s goals to be able to perform effectively. The theorist also paid specific attention to motivation as he believed public administrators (as well as any other employees) needed motivation to perform properly and achieve the goals set. Finally, Charles E. Lindblom also considered the human component of public administration. However, the theorist focused on the process of decision-making. Noteworthy, Lindblom was an advocate of democratic approach and stressed the importance of leadership. However, when it came decision-making, the theorist stressed the importance of cooperation. Lindblom claimed that the government consisted of a number of elites that cooper ated (Shafritz Hyde, 2012).Advertising Looking for critical writing on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This cooperation was necessary for proper functioning of public administration. The researcher also noted that public administrators had to be aware of peculiarities of decision-making processes (Shafritz Hyde, 2012). He noted that it was essential to analyze the process of decision-making to enable public administrators to function effectively. Conclusion On balance, it is possible to note that Philip Selznick, Douglas McGregor and Charles E. Lindblom contributed greatly to the development of the theory of public administration in the field of human resources. The theorists exploited behavioral approach and provided valuable insights into the processes of cooperation and decision-making. It was acknowledged that public administrators needed motivation and leadership to ensure effective work of the US government. More importantly, the researchers developed specific tools which could be used by public administrators. Thus, communication, leadership and decision-making acquired the necessary attention and became central to further research. Reference List Cox, R.W., Buck, S.J., Morgan, B.N. (2010). Public administration in theory and practice. New York, NY: Longman Publishing Group. Shafritz, J.M., Hyde, A.C. (2012). Classics of public administration. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

Business organisation and policy cartels and monopolies Essay

Business organisation and policy cartels and monopolies - Essay Example On the other hand, buying cartels aim at purchasing raw materials for its members while the output determining cartels determine the quantity of output for each member unit as the name suggests (Sangla 2009, p.181). Without government intervention, an isolated monopolistic firm would only exist in an ideal world. This is because most monopolistic firms make a lot of profits thus encouraging the formation of rival firms. In the long run, the new firms break the monopoly. Most governments in the 1920s embraced mergers and trade unions in key economical sectors such as chemical and metal industries (McTavish 2005, p.52). However, most of the business organizations preferred cartels to the other forms of trade convergence. After the World War II, the business field developed thorough monopolies and restrictive practices, which had salient effects on business organizations (McTavish 2005, p.52). Currently, it is only America in the whole world, which has not legalized cartel formation. One of the most popular cartels today is the organization of petroleum-exporting countries (OPEC). OPEC was established mainly to control the amount of oil each member produced. Member units that form cartels always enjoy a wide variety of benefits. Each member usually has a guarantee to earn fixed minimum profit which is not the case with other business institutions. In addition, all marketing and other secondary functions of the individual business organizations such as transportation, advertisement and marketing research are normally carried out by the cartels (Sangla 2009, p.181). In addition, the member firms also enjoy price control. Since, in working as a pool, the individual firms acquire monopolistic characteristics, they are in a position to charge the prices of their products at their own will. Conversely, the cartels and monopolistic

Hip-hop lyrics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hip-hop lyrics - Research Paper Example The degree of influence varies from one child to another. Experts are not unanimous in their conclusions. The influence of rap music, which is synonymous with hip-hop music, is intense on the minds of children and it can have mostly negative or some positive effects. The worrying factor is, hip-hop has become part of the popular culture. It has made rapid strides since it originated 1970s. â€Å"It is a known fact that hip-hop has taken over, in a sense, the mainstream youth culture,† said Emmett Price, a professor at Northeastern University in Boston, who teaches hip-hop culture. â€Å"So, the young kids from the age of being able to speak to going on to high school are influenced by hip-hop culture whether they listen to music or not.† (Killion†¦) Researchers are busy analyzing and trying to prove that a correlation exists between rap music and increased criminal behavior, sexual activity and drug use. Tricia Rose opines, â€Å"A key aspect of much of the criticism that has been leveled at hip-hop is the claim that it glorifies, encourages, and thus causes violence. This argument goes as far back as the middle to 1980s—the so-called golden age of hip-hop—when politically radical hip hop artists, such as Public Enemy, who referred to direct and sometimes armed resistance against racism ‘by any means necessary,’ were considered as advocates of violence.†(p.34) Young kids have a tendency to believe what they see over and over again, as truth. The wise saying goes—a lie repeated from a platform a thousand times, becomes the truth.’ In the present times of internet revolution, it is necessary that the young kids should know many things, but is highly desirable that they should not know some things. Their minds quickly receive information that may prove intensely harmful in the long run. Kids interpret what they see from the level of their understanding and without the proper contextualization. The issue is, children take what

Dolls House

Dolls House Comparing the Views on Womens Position in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Abstract The research conducted in order for this essay to be written wasnt like that which would be conducted during a science experiment or a mathematical problem solving. The research undertaken for this essay was very analytical. It delved deeply into two famous literary works of the nineteenth century. The research was mainly carried out because of the interesting difference between the two works and the extremely strong female protagonists. What the main idea of this research essay was was comparing the views on womens positions in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen and A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen. The literary works are only seventy years apart, yet societys views changed so drastically in those seventy years that it is difficult not to be interested in studying the two works. To truly understand the views of women in these two publications, one must read the two thoroughly as well as research what kinds of events were occurring at the times of the publications. When Pride and Prejud ice was published, society in the book was identical to society in real life. When A Dolls House was published, womens rights were beginning to become more prominent in society. Of course, even then, there were still some old fashioned minds. Torvald Helmer was the epitome of what Ibsen disapproved of. As many people analysed, Ibsen wrote this play to make the world move forward quicker. It is unknown whether or not his play actually made a huge impact; however, womens position in society has changed drastically since. Even between the two publications, there was a dramatic change. Nora Helmer was an inconceivable character to Jane Austen. By the time Ibsen had his play performed, women were beginning to think independently and seek independence. The findings evident in this essay will not change the world or stop global warming. However, they do make a person think how differently life was lived in the nineteenth century. Introduction For a period in history, the only thing that seemed to plague women was the prospect of marriage. Even if a woman didnt necessarily want to marry she would be forced into thinking of it because it was all that surrounded her. In the early 19th century, it was not hard to understand that women in society were believed to be simple creatures, who didnt want more than a lovely home to sit in and neighbouring women to gossip with. In 1813, Pride and Prejudice, a novel that supported all these social thoughts, was introduced to the world. This novel was written by Jane Austen and is probably one of the most famous love stories of all time simply because all women love to read about a love that survived the good and bad times. Jane Austen was a woman in the time where marriage was all one should think of as a young lady. Not seventy years later, a play was performed for the first time, titled A Dolls House. This play was written by playwright Henrik Ibsen and illustrated strongly contrasting themes to those present in Pride and Prejudice. Whilst Pride and Prejudice centres on a woman in want of a husband, A Dolls House focuses on the other side of marriage; the side of marriage nobody wanted revealed when it was first performed. Ibsen wrote his play at the time when women were beginning to be thought of in society as something more than just females. In his play, Ibsen created a character that began seeing past the prettiness of marriage with her husband. She began to think for herself and understand that there is more to learn about the world and one cannot know it unless one seeks it. Two writers, less than seventy years apart, with entirely different attitudes as to how the world should be seen, in the eyes of a woman. Both existed in the same century, yet they were worlds apart when it came to societys views on women and their position. Jane Austen believed it only natural for marriage to be on a young lady of marriageable ages mind. Henrik Ibsen, on the other hand, thought it inappropriate to show marriage as always being a traditional destiny. Ibsen portrayed women as independent or, at the very least, seeking independence. He succeeded when attempting to portray women as more than hopeless young ladies whose life goals were to be married. Both are entirely conflicting stories; both are incredibly successful. Character Comparisons Two very different stories would obviously have two very different protagonists. Pride Prejudice and A Dolls House are no exception; the former, Elizabeth Bennet; the latter, Nora Helmer. They are vastly different but are not the only characters that are comparable in the two novels. Elizabeth Bennet compared to Nora Helmer Elizabeth lives with her mother who is a lady who badgered and pestered her five daughters about marriage. Elizabeth, being a woman in the times when marriage and economy was everything to a woman, has differing views to her society. Elizabeth does not believe in betrothing herself to someone she is not compatible with. Elizabeth is a unique woman. Compared to all other women in that time, she is intellectual and cares about more than money and worldly possessions. She does not want to marry a man she cannot converse with. Even though Elizabeth is a different woman who fancied more than the average woman in the early 1800s, she still wanted to marry a man she could live with. If she didnt, she would have to be married to him for life in misery. Divorce was not ever thought of in the times of Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters. Therefore, if you were betrothed to somebody, you would be betrothed to them for the whole of eternity. It was considered completely unladylike and ungrateful, a lso, to leave your husband. If a woman was married to a man who was supporting her well and who was giving her all she wanted and she decided to leave him, society would look at her as an unappreciative wife who is not satisfied with anything. It was not understood in those old times that two people were not compatible. All that was thought of when marriage was brought up was if hes a man who can support this woman with whatever happens. Consequently, Elizabeth wanted to marry but she wanted to marry someone she was compatible with, someone she could spend the rest of her life with and not regret it. Marriage is what she wanted but it wasnt the marriage that her mother or the rest of society would ever understand. Nora Helmer is a house-wife. She knits and shops, just as a house-wife should. She never complains that her life isnt satisfying. However, Ibsen was clever enough to conceal her true feelings until later on in the play. As the audience analyses Nora, it is realised that her life was never pleasing; there was always something lacking in everything she ever did and never did she realise it until it was almost too late. Nora is tired of living in a home where she is treated as a doll would be treated pampered and adored for her physicality. Eventually, she realises that living with Torvald Helmer is not the way she wants to live. There is so much to see out there in the world; so much to learn about; and here she is, living in a dolls house, confined to a town that is not wide enough for her mind, nor exciting enough. Finally, she leaves her dismal life in the dolls house, to live her own life, to learn things shes never known before, to travel to places she has only ever heard of. She wanted to experience life, as shed never seen it before and she could not do that whilst living under the same roof as Torvald Helmer. Both these women are of great depth and intrigue. Both Elizabeth and Nora have different thoughts to those of the normal flow of their surroundings. Elizabeth didnt want to marry for money and end with a husband who couldnt even converse with her, unusual as it was in her time. Nora did not want to be imprisoned in a home, which offered no comfort, no excitement, no learning opportunities. Both characters are similar in the ways that they both went against the usual course of those around them. However, they are different in the things they wanted ultimately. Elizabeth wanted to marry someone compatible. Nora wanted to stay away from marriage life and learn more about the world and herself before committing to anything more. Pride and Prejudice ends with both Elizabeth Bennet and Jane Bennett celebrating their marriages to Fitzwilliam Darcy and Charles Bingley. A Dolls House, on the other hand, ends with Nora walking to the world, ready to embrace whatever the world has to offer. In less than seventy years, the stories written about women and their position changed drastically. Women were beginning to be seen as more capable and as more equal. It was also known that marriage was not all that would cross their minds. After all, it isnt that women are desperate to get married the society and the situation society put women in only made it seem that way and by the time Henrik Ibsen wrote his play, those types of thoughts were beginning to waver. Torvald Helmer compared to Nils Krogstad and Dr. Rank Torvald Helmer is a man who believes in particular positions for men and women. He doesnt believe women should provide, as Kristina Linde is planning to do for Nils Krogstad. He is a traditional man with an outdated way of thinking living in a society, which is rapidly changing. Torvald Helmer is stuck in the times, which Austen described in her novel. He is, however, only joined by a few. In A Dolls House there are two other male characters whose way of thinking was definitely changing with that of society. Nils Krogstad and Dr. Rank both believe in equality of men and women. Ibsen created these two characters as a way of contrasting to Torvald. Both Krogstad and Rank have different views. Krogstad completely agrees with the idea of Ms. Linde working to provide for her family. â€Å"I ran a little shop, then a small school, and anything else I could turn my hand to.† (Ibsen, H. A Dolls House. Act one; page 157). Rank also would sit and have many discussions with Nora, treatin g her like an equal adult. Torvald never once had a serious conversation with her, which proves how little he thought of the supposed equality between them. In the beginning of the play, it seems to the audience that everybody thinks as Torvald does when Kristina states, â€Å"A wife cant borrow without her husbands consent† (Ibsen, H. A Dolls House. Act 1, page 160). From this statement, it seems as though the society Nora is living in is just like the society Elizabeth Bennet was living in. Nora also states, â€Å"I was lucky enough to get a lot of copying to do†¦it was tremendous fun sitting there working and earning money. It was almost like being a man.† (Ibsen, H. A Dolls House. Act 1, page 162). This line suggests that women were not to work as men did in that society. However, when Dr. Rank is introduced, these ideas change. When Rank enters the home intending to see Torvald, he does not go away when he hears he is busy. Rather, he sits with Nora and conve rses with her, like equal adults. â€Å"Bankrupt! In less than a month, perhaps, I shall lie rotting in the churchyard† (Ibsen, H. A Dolls House. Act 2, page 191). Rank discusses matters of seriousness with Nora, whilst Torvald does not. It is clear that Rank has a mind that is changing with the changing society. â€Å"Helmers too sensitive to be able to face anything ugly I wont have him in my sick room† (Ibsen, H. A Dolls House. Act 2, page 191). Rank explains that Torvald is very sensitive. It is understood that he does not even speak of serious things with people other than Nora. He is clearly the odd one in this novel because everybody else has the same frame of mind but he seems to be stuck in the days that were even changing in Pride and Prejudice. Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy compared to Mr. Charles Bingley Two other men that are contrasting characters are Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy and Mr. Charles Bingley of Pride and Prejudice. Both have distinct views on society and the ideas that society lives on. Both men are owners of a very large fortune Mr. Darcy slightly wealthier than Mr. Bingley. The two are the best of friends; however, their characters could not be more dissimilar. At the first ball at Meryton, each of their characters is decided by the surrounding society. â€Å"Mr. Bingley was good looking and gentlemanlike; he had a pleasant countenance, and easy, unaffected manners†¦he was lively and unreserved.† (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 1, chapter 3, page 12). Mr. Bingley is liked by everyone that was acquainted with him almost instantly. It was his lively disposition. â€Å"Mr. Darcy soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome features, noble mein; and the report which was in general circulation within five minutes of his entrance, of his having ten thousand a year.† (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 1, chapter 3, page 12). He is looked at as handsome and even more handsome when theyve heard of his fortune. However, their views on Mr. Darcy soon change. â€Å"(He) danced only once, declined being introduced to any other lady, and spent the rest of the evening in walking about the room, speaking occasionally to one of his own party. He was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world.† (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 1, chapter 3, page 12). The mens differences do not only go so deep as personalities. They are also different in what they want ultimately. Of course, as was the tradition at the time, they each want to marry; however, Mr. Bingley is not so fussy with who his future bride is to be. Mr. Bingley is much quicker to label a woman as ‘accomplished also, which adds to the differing views of him and his friend. â€Å"It is amazing to me how young ladies can have patienc e to be so very accomplished, as they all are,† quotes Mr. Bingley (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 1, chapter 8, page 35). Mr. Darcy, of course, scolds him for thinking such a thing. It is clear that Mr. Darcy has a much more different idea of what an accomplished woman is. After describing an accomplished woman, Mr. Bingley listens to Mr. Darcys words, â€Å"All this she must possess and to all this she must yet add something more substantial, in the improvement of her mind by extensive reading,† (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 1, chapter 8, page 35). To the reader, it is obvious that Mr. Darcy, intentionally or not, is describing Elizabeth Bennet as accomplished. It is even more evident what the two friends views on women are when they choose their wives. Mr. Bingley chooses Jane for her unmistakable beauty and kind nature and nothing more. His affection for her is not based on an intelligent mind or extensive reader. Mr. Darcy, on the other hand, favo urs Elizabeth. Although she is not as handsome as Jane, her mind is more developed. She takes pleasure in reading and having intellectual conversations. Mr. Darcy clearly wants this for a bride. By joining Mr. Darcy with Elizabeth and Mr. Bingley with Jane in matrimony in the end of the novel, it is clear what Austen wants the reader to learn: marry someone you are compatible with. Although Mr. Bingley marries Jane for her attractiveness, their marriage was compatible because each is kind natured and good spirited. The two are not intellectuals, like Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth. In fact, they are quite the opposite, yet their marriage still works. When comparing the two main men of this novel, it is possible to say that Mr. Darcy and Mr. Bingley are the male counterparts to Jane and Elizabeth Bennet, which is possibly why their marriages worked in the end. Writers Purpose As writers, both Austen and Ibsen had distinct purposes for writing what they did. When reading their works, it is clear to many that each wanted to encourage the public to begin to think differently to the society they lived in. Austen did agree with her society, essentially. She approved of marriage but wanted the reason for marriage to change in the mind of the public. Ibsen, however, promoted womens independence and ensured his audience went away with new ideas about the equality between the sexes. Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice to allow woman the understanding that marrying for money, instead of compatibility, was never the correct path to walk on. Even though both Jane and Elizabeth did marry wealthy men, they did it for love rather than the money involved. They married for the important fact that they connected with their partners on a higher level than how highly they thought of the money they possessed. In the times when Austen published this novel, the thinking of Elizabeth and Jane were never believed to be possible. Austen took this to her advantage and publicized intellectual thinking and brought thoughts of compatibility into relationships. Other than Elizabeth and Jane Bennett in Pride and Prejudice, the characters mostly think about marrying for support and security more than anything else. Naturally, she disapproved of women marrying bad men. By creating a character like Elizabeth, the audience could understand that she most definitely found it quite inappro priate for a man and woman to marry without any love. However, Austen didnt completely disapprove of women marrying for money. She understood that there are certain circumstances, which cannot be avoided sometimes. In her novel, she wrote about Charlotte Lucas, who was a girl uncertain of her economic future. She married Mr. Collins for his apparent wealth and the belief that she would be financially secure with him as a husband. Although she understood her uncertain economic future, Austen used this comparison to her benefit. Charlotte and Mr. Collins marriage became one of comfort, not one of love and affection. Austen did not forget to remind the reader that their marriage was anything but successful because Charlotte married for money. She also disapproved of marriage based solely on attraction, as was Mr. and Mrs. Bennets relationship. â€Å"Her father captivated by youth and beauty, and that appearance of good humour, which youth and beauty generally give, had married a woman whose weak understanding and liberal mind, had very early in their marriage put an end to all real affection for her† (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 3, chapter 42, page 194). Their marriage was all that Austen was against. What she disapproved of, also, was the reality that women could not inherit fortunes. For example; in the case of Mr. Bennett who had four daughters and no sons, he would have to pass his fortune on to the next male in the family, who was Mr. Collins, who hadnt even been acquainted with the Bennet family. Austen did not understand why Mr. Bennetts daughter couldnt take over his fortune, when they obviously deserve it much more so than Mr. Collins. She showed her disapproval of this by using the voice of Mrs. Bennet. â€Å"I do think it is the hardest thing in the world, that your estate should be entailed away from your own children,† (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 1, chapter 15, page 54). In the end, what could be said about Austen s purpose to write such a deep and meaningful novel is that she meant great things for it. She wrote to teach women of the world that they should find their place in the world. Their minds should not constantly revolve around marriage and finding marriage. They should learn to be comfortable with their surroundings and themselves and only think of marriage when a man that is compatible with them comes along and steals their heart with what he does and says, and not with how much money he possesses. Henrik Ibsen wrote his play in a time when womens rights were starting to become noticed. Womens right to independence played a magnificent role in Ibsens A Dolls House. That is essentially what he was building towards, right from the commencement of the play. The entire purpose for his writing of this play was to broadcast the fact that women should begin thinking for themselves. He wanted women to believe they could make it on their own; that they did not need a man to help them along the way. Henrik Ibsen wrote this play not seventy years after Jane Austen wrote her novel. Immediately as the first few pages are read, it is quite obvious that Ibsen is looking in to the future. His construction of Nora is quite fantastic. As a reader, it is interesting to note that Nora Helmer is a completely inconceivable character for Jane Austen. Never would Austen even think that a woman could leave her husband in order to learn more about herself and the world. Nora is an excellent model of wha t many women thought about in the late 19th century. Marriage was beginning to lose its rose-coloured magic. The stories speaking of happy marriages were slowly beginning to melt away to reveal much less pretty images. Ibsen succeeded when attempting to write these thoughts down as a play. He succeeded in the fact that when the audience watched as Nora walked to the world, a new woman, they all cheered and agreed with all her reasoning. Because Noras action provoked this reaction, it is apparent that his mission was fulfilled. His mission to rid the minds of all people of the inequality between men and women was accomplished. By employing the use of Kristina Linde, who worked and provided for her family for many years, Ibsen showed that it was not a bad thing. Kristina learnt more about herself and the cruel world she lived in. Evidently, it might have worn her out and tired her however, she came out of it a better, more-rounded and more experienced woman who could take on anything and not back down. Unlike Nora, who was frustrated all her life because she was missing something she desperately wanted. She moved from her fathers home, where she was treated like a doll, to her husbands home, where she received the same treatment. She never worked a day in her life, and because of this, she never stopped dreaming of it. When she did work, behind her husbands back (for that was the only way she could), she commented that they were the three most enjoyable weeks of her life. Ibsen used Noras character to show that a woman who has been treated as though she is a fragile porcelain doll for all of her existence will not ever know how to truly think for herself. He used this character to show that having everything done for you and never knowing truly what the world around you is about is something one should never hope for. Even though Ms. Linde was awfully weary, Ibsen made his audience believe that this is the life, which should be sought after. In Pride and Prejudice, the society that Elizabeth Bennett lived in was not one which questioned a lot of things. Whatever is put in front of them, they believe it. They did not question things that seemed unusual to them. They did not question for fear their thoughts and beliefs would be confused and proved wrong. Desire for society did not exist in Austens Pride and Prejudice, unlike in A Dolls House. Nora wanted to learn more about the society and world she lived in. Elizabeth Bennett and the people she knew really only cared for the people they were already acquainted with. They would not go out of their way to learn more about what is happening in other parts of the world, or even the country. In A Dolls House Ibsen made it clear that Nora wanted to see as much of the world as she possibly could. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen only wrote about marriage and the never-ending quest to find the right person to marry. Whilst Austen showed that marriage was what all women wanted ultim ately, Ibsen showed that marriage life could be restricted. Ibsen also showed that traditional husbands implement several restrictions on their wives, which eventually denies the women the ability to grow, emotionally and physically. Ibsen attempted to tell the audience that if a man did everything for his wife and protected her from everything, there is no possible way she could grow into a more developed, more experienced, more agreeable person. Conclusion Two novels: different in purpose but equally great. Jane Austen lived in a different society to Henrik Ibsen. She agreed with the most part of her society, except that women shouldnt marry for financial security they should marry those that are like them. Her novel ended in two compatible marriages. Marriage was still the ultimate destination for women as well as men but it wasnt the kind of marriage that her society looked at. Women then were expected to marry for security and a fine house. Austen wanted to change these ideas and ensure that women believed that the fortune of a man is not what should be looked at when looking for a potential husband. Ibsen did not agree with his society. In fact, he wrote his play in order to change the society he lived in. His play went against everything the society believed in. Women were not allowed to leave their husbands whenever they wanted to. That is why he wrote the play he wanted womens positions to change and they did. When Nora wal ks to the world, she received cheers from the crowd. Independence, from then on, was desired and thats what Ibsen wanted. Both of the novels are fantastically written and the message is printed loud and clear. As the years go on, it is evident that each of these literary works has made an enormous impact on society. Ibsen helped womens fight for independence move more rapidly, whilst Austen made women all over the world seek a man that was like them, not just had a fortune that could buy them a home big enough for one hundred. Bibliography Books 1. Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. England: Penguin, 1996. 2. Ibsen, Henrik. A Dolls House. England: Penguin, 1965 3. Spence, Jon. Becoming Jane Austen. 2nd ed. London: Continuum, 2007. Websites 1. Cummings, Michael. J. A Dolls House by Henrik Johan Ibsen: A Study Guide. Retrieved: 18/07/09. 2. Haker, Ann. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. Retrieved: 18/07/09. 3. Pride and Prejudice: Jane Austen. Retrieved: 13/07/09. 4. Pride and Prejudice. Retrieved: 13/07/09. 5. Pride and Prejudice. Retrieved: 05/02/10. 6. Yurgaitis, Daniel. A Dolls House. February 16, 2004. Retrieved: 18/07/09.